Risk Focus: Loss of Power

Increasing numbers of main engine failure related incidents and accidents following blackouts have led to a data collection exercise by the UK Club’s risk assessors and a detailed analysis of more than 700 claims which has given cause for concern.  A significant number of these claims for third party property damage, many of which were enormously expensive and in some cases amounted to millions of dollars could be attributed, directly or indirectly, to main engine failures or electrical blackouts.

Hazard, threats and consequences: In the centre of the diagram, Loss of Power is identified as the ‘hazard’ , while blue squares to the left identify a range of ‘threats’ , which, if not controlled, could cause a serious incident involving P&I claims and other consequences which can be seen in the red shape on the far right of the diagram.

Controls: Between these extremities can be seen the ‘controls’ which, if they work properly, will prevent the accident happening and on the right hand side of the diagram, controls which will mitigate the consequences. Thus taking as an example the threat of Main Engine Failure (left hand side), controls which should be in place to prevent this include system monitoring, testing the engine before pilot and berth, the monitoring of starting air, good system maintenance, tests and maintenance for the automation and control systems, good ‘failure to start’ procedures and training and familiarisation of staff.

Consequences: The consequences of an accident (right hand side)will be mitigated by the capability of the crew to deal with an incident, good record keeping, emergency reporting and communication procedures, systems and procedures to maintain steering, emergency drills, clear abort procedures, recovery measures implemented by a well trained crew, tug availability and anchor at the ready.

（译文参考：船舶管理部 机务培训师  傅恒星 译）

风险集中：失去动力

UK Club的分析评估师，在认真分析超过700份的索赔报告后发现，越来越多事故或意外在给出的原因中均与引擎故障有关，紧随其后便是全船失电。值得注意的是，大量的这类第三方财产损失索赔案例表明，很多这些导致动辄数百万美元高昂的索赔案例，都直接或间接因为主机故障或全船失电引起。

危险，风险和影响：在图表的中，失去动力被界定为“危险”，左侧蓝框内属“风险”项，此类风险如果得不到有效控制，会引起严重的涉及P&I索赔的事故和其他严重后果，参见图表最右侧红色阴影方框内容。

控制：在这些极端的事件中，“控制”的作用举足轻重，如果监控正常，能够有效预防事故的发生，在图表的右侧，有效的控制能够减轻不良后果。举个例子，主机故障的潜在威胁（左侧），预防控制包括系统监控、测试机器，包括开航及靠泊前进行主机试验，系统维护，监控启动空气，自动及控制系统的良好的维护保养，良好的“启动故障”程序，对船员进行培训使之熟悉机旁控制及通用系统知识。

影响：事故的影响（右侧）能够被经过良好培训的船员，通过保持良好的记录，恰当的应急报告及联系程序，系统地并按程序对舵机维护保养，加强应急演习，清除中止程序，适当的恢复措施，处理事故的能力，拖轮随时可用，备车状态锚泊等相应措施来减轻事故影响。