SOx Scrubber Systems
Complete emissions solutions
Following Wärtsilä's acquisition of Hamworthy we can now offer open loop, closed loop and hybrid systems to help you comply with existing air emissions regulations from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), and the European Union who are working towards an alignment with IMO MARPOL Annex VI.
Managing fuel cost efficiency
Legislation has already had an effect on the fuel markets in regulated areas. Fuel prices are expected to increase even further in 2015 when the 0.1% fuel sulphur limit enters into force. Scrubbing technology is an economically and environmental friendly solution for tackling these requirements.
Scrubbers for all ship types
Wärtsilä's scrubbers are designed to provide flexibility and reliable operations wherever you operate. The systems are suitable for both new buildings and retrofitting of existing vessels having either 2-stroke or 4-stroke engines as well as oil-fired boilers. They can also provide complete ship design and a variety of pump systems.
Wärtsilä Open Loop Scrubber
Wärtsilä Open Loop Scrubber system benefits from Hamworthy's 50 year know-how. The system operates in an open loop, utilising seawater to remove SOX from the exhaust. Exhaust gas enters the scrubber and is sprayed with water in three different stages. The sulphur oxide in the exhaust reacts with water and forms sulphuric acid. There is no need for chemicals since the natural alkalinity of seawater neutralizes the acid. Wash water from the scrubber is treated and monitored at the inlet and outlet, to make sure it is in line with the discharge criteria of MEPC 184(59), before it is discharged to sea with no harm to the environment. Linea Messina has a Wärtsilä Open Loop Scrubber system installed, and was the first vessel ever to operate commercially with a scrubber system, enabling it to meet 0.1% sulphur emissions regulations in EU ports, as well as “futureproofing” the vessel for the impending 0.1% Emission Control Area limit in 2015.
Wärtsilä Closed Loop Scrubber
Wärtsilä Closed Loop Scrubber operates in a closed loop, i.e. the wash water is being circulated within the scrubber. Exhaust gas enters the scrubber and is sprayed with water that has been mixed with caustic soda (NaOH). The sulphur oxides in the exhaust react with this mixture and are thereby neutralized. A small bleed-off is extracted from the closed loop and treated to fulfil requirements stipulated by IMO. Cleaned effluents can safely be discharged overboard with no harm to the environment. If operation in zero discharge mode is requested, the effluent can be led to a holding tank for scheduled and periodical discharge.
A Hybrid Approach
In addition to Wärtsilä's Open and Closed Loop systems, Wärtsilä provides hybrid solutions. The hybrid approach enables operation in closed loop mode when required, for instance whilst in port and during maneuvering using NaOH as a buffer. When at sea the switch can be made to open loop using only seawater. Wilh. Wilhelmsen ASA, the global rolling cargo operator, will retrofit their vessel MV Tamesis with a Wärtsilä Hybrid System. The multi-stream scrubber system will remove sulphur and particulates and manage the exhaust gases produced by the
38,486 dwt Mark IV RoRo vessel’s combined engine power of 28,000 kW.
（译文参考：船舶管理部 机务培训师 傅恒星译）
SOX洗涤系统
完善的排放解决方案
Hamworthy和Wärtsilä并购后，我们现在提供开式循环，闭式循环及混合循环系统来帮助您满足当前的IMO相关大气排放控制规定，和满足欧盟一直致力于实现的与IMO MARPOL Annex VI相关规定的需求。
燃油的成本效率管理
立法已经对限制区域的燃油价格产生了影响。当2015年0.1%硫含量限制强制生效后，燃油价格预期会进一步走高。而废气洗涤技术是一种经济的、环境友好的可用来满足这些要求的解决方案。
适合与所有船型的洗涤技术
Wärtsilä洗涤塔被设计为使用揉性连接且工作可靠，可以提供在任何场合使用。该系统既适用于新造船同时也适用于现有的2-冲程或4-冲程柴油机，燃油锅炉同样适用。他们提供完整的船舶设计方案和各种配套泵浦。
Wärtsilä开式循环洗涤塔
Wärtsilä开式循环洗涤系统技术得益于Hamworthy50年的专业技术积累。该系统使用开式循环，利用海水除去废气中SOX。废气进入洗涤塔，在3个阶段与喷入的海水发生接触，废气中的SOX与水发生反应，生产硫酸。因为海水的碱性会自然中和废水中硫酸，因而无需后续化学处理。洗涤塔的进水和排水水质均被严格监控和处理，确保排放的水满足MEPC 184(59)的相关要求，且在排放入海前不会对环境造成危害。“Linea Messina”是第一艘安装该开式循环废气洗涤技术的船舶，能够满足欧盟港口0.1%硫含量的排放要求，而且正在进一步验证船舶能够满足2015年即将生效的控制区域（ECAs）排放要求。
Wärtsilä闭式循环洗涤塔
Wärtsilä闭式循环洗涤塔在闭式循环下运行，即清洗水在洗涤塔内部循环使用。废气进入洗涤塔与喷入混有NaOH的清洗水接触，废气中的SOX与之反应被中和。来自闭式循环的部分液体被分流并被处理至满足IMO排放标准。清洁后的废水不会对环境造成任何危害，可以安全的排放入海。如果要求进行零排放模式运行，可以将废水排至专用存储舱按计划和定期排放。
一种混合模式
Wärtsilä除提供开式和闭式循环系统外，还提供一种混合解决方案。当有特殊要求时使用闭式循环模式，例如在港期间和机动用车时，使用NaOH中和作为缓冲。在海上航行时切换到开式循环模式，仅仅使用海水中和。Wilh. Wilhelmsen ASA,全球滚装货物运营商，将在他们的MV Tamesis轮上加装混合式洗涤系统。这种多串流洗涤系统将会被用来处理这艘38486总吨的滚装船上总功率达28000KW的机器所产生的废气，除去其中的SOX和废气颗粒并且管理其废气系统。
Asian seafarers’culture ignored, claims Taiwan professor at Vatican congress
The International Committee on Seafarers’ Welfare (ICSW) has ignored the culture and traditions of south-east Asia, a Vatican seafarers’ congress has been told.
Speaking at Apostleship of the Sea’s 23rd international congress, Professor Nien-Tsu Alfred Hu, Director of the Centre for Marine Policy Studies at National Sun Yat-Sen University in Taiwan, said: “People sitting in London offices may have to learn how to deal with Asians before they can effectively work with Asians or do their homework before they initiate their projects in Asia.”
The ICSW regional welfare committee was set up and funded by the International Transport Workers Federation Seafarers Trust (ITFST) in 2008 to promote seafarers welfare in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
Professor Hu said that meeting the needs of seafarers in Asia requires different structures to those in the West: “In other words, a model which may function very well in one region cannot be successfully implanted to another region, a lateral movement as described in the ‘glass wall effect’, due to some fundamental differences in culture, religion, mentality and others.”
He claimed that the ICSW has been largely ineffective in south-east Asia, citing, amongst other things, problems of autonomy and organisation, an unhealthy relationship with the ITFST.
He claimed that the ICSW was not sufficiently independent. “They seem to listen to and accept the instructions from their funding institution – the ITFST, while the latter has not yet developed a healthy donor and recipient relationship with its recipient organizations, the ICSW in this case.”
（译文参考：船舶管理部 机务培训师 傅恒星译）
被忽视的东南亚海员文化需求
在梵蒂冈举行的国际海员代表大会上，国际海员福利委员会（ICSW）被告知，他们忽视了东南亚海员的文化和传统。
国立中山大学教授，台湾国立中山大学海洋政策研究中心主任，在教廷辖属的海员宗会第23届国际会议上说：“那些坐在伦敦办公室里的人，在他们能够有效处理亚洲人事务或做足功课准备启动他们的亚洲项目之前，可能将不得不先学会如何来与亚洲人打交道。”
国际海员福利委员会（ICSW）区域福利分委会由国际运输工人联合会海员信托基金（ITFST）于2008年设立并提供资金，目的是为了促进哥伦比亚、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡、台湾、泰国和越南的海员福利提升。
胡教授认为，满足亚洲海员需求的结构型式未必能满足西方海员的需求：“换句话说，也许某种模式在一个地方非常有效，但未必能成功的移植到另一个地方，产生这种情况的根本原因是，由于文化、宗教、心理素质及其他方面的本质区别所致，即所谓的横移运动中描述的‘玻璃壁效应’”。
他声称ICSW在东南亚的工作很大程度上是没有效果的，纠结于和ITFST间措辞，关注其他事项，组织与自主权的问题等，是一种不健康关系。
他声称，ICSW没有充分独立。“表面上他们似乎倾听并接受来自他们的资助机构-ITFST的建议，而后者依然没有形成一种健康的捐赠者与受益方的关系或类似组织机构，现阶段ICSW就是这样情况”
